Kurdistan 1990ean 26.3 milioi kurdu bizi ziren Kurdistanen, eta diasporakoak erbestean. Kurdistan estatu gabeko nazio handia da: Turkia, Iran (beste orri batean), Irak (beste orri batean), Irak, Siria, Libano eta Sobiet Batasuna zeneko parte batzuk (beste orri batean) hartzen ditu. Kurdu gehien Turkian bizi dira (Kurdu guztien %52), gero Iranen (%25.5), Iraken (%16), Sirian (%5) eta Kaukasoan (%1.5). Kurduera hizkuntza Iraniarra da, Indo-Europarra, beraz, eta badu gaiza komun bat euskararekin: ergatiboa da, baina soilik lehenaldiko egituretan. Mintzaira kurdu nagusiak: Ipar Kurmanji edo Bahdinani (15 m hiztunTurkian, Sirian eta Kaukasoan, idazkera latinoa), Hego Kurmanji edo Sorani (6 m Irak eta Iranen, idazkera pertso-arabiarra), Dimili (4 m, Turkian batik bat, latinoa), Gurani (3 m, hegoaldeko Irak eta Iranen, pertsiarra)

Kurdistan In 1990 there were 26.3 million Kurds in the Middle East, plus the diaspora. Their territory, Kurdistan, takes part of Turkey, Iran (another page), Iraq (another page), Syria, Lebanon, and some regions of the former Soviet Union (another page). Their largest concentrations are now respectively in Turkey (approx. 52% of all Kurds), Iran (25.5%), Iraq (16%), Syria (5%) and the Caucasus (1.5%). Kurdish is a Iranian language of the Indo-European family. It shares one thing with Basque: ergativity, which appears in past tense forms. Main dialects or languages: Kurmanji proper or North Kurmanji or Bahdinani (15 m speakers in Turkey, Syria, former USSR; Latin script), South Kurmanji or Sorani (6 m in Iraq and Iran, modified perso-arabic script), Dimili (4 m, mainly in Turkey, Latin script), Gurani (3 m, in south Iraq an Iran, Persian alphabet).

Izen kurduak Hawar izeneko idazkera latinotik hartuak daude. Zeinu diakritiko bereziak honela ageri dira, ASR sistemarekin adieraziak: Kurduera: s¸ [cedilla] Turkiera: s¸ [cedilla] g( [breve] i+ [i xehe puntugabea] I· [I larri puntuduna]

Kurdish names written according to the Hawar latin script. The following signs are written in ASR system: Kurdish: s¸ [cedilla] Turkish: s¸ [cedilla] g( [breve] i+ [small dotless i] I· [capital I with dot]

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Kurduak Sirian 1.3 m Kurdu daude Sirian, estatuko biztanleen %9.2, kurdu guztien %5. Iparraldean bizi dira, eta Kurmanji hiztunak dira. Beren lurrari "Bin Xetê" (marraren azpian, Turkia-Siria mugako trenbideagatik diote) eta beste aldea "Ser Xetê" da (marraz gaindi). Kurdistandik kanpo ere bizi dira Kurduak Sirian, hala nola Damaskon, bereziki auzo kurduan (Taxa Kurdan).

Kurdish in Syria There are around 1.3 m Kurds in Syria, 9.2% of the total population of this State, 5% of all Kurds of Kurdistan. They live in the northern part, and are mainly North Kurmanji speakers. the Kurds in Syria refer to their territory as "Bin Xetê" (under the line, ie the railway beween Turkey and Syria) and refer to the part on the other side of the border "Ser Xetê" (over the line). In areas outside Kurdistan there are as well Kurd concentrations, as in the Kurdish Quarter (Taxa Kurdan) of Damascus.

Kurdistan Sirian

* Arabieraz	* Kurdueraz
* Syria	* Sûrî / Sûriye
* [Kurdish regions in Syria]	* Bas¸ura Biçûk / Parçeya Biçûk
Afrin	Efrîn
Afrin [river]	çemê Efrînê
Ain al-Arab	Koban / Kobane
Ain Diwar	Endîwer
Al-Furat [river Euphrates]	Firat
al-Jazirah	Cezîre
al-Malikiya	Dêrik
al-Qamishli	Qamis¸lo
al-Ya'rubiyah	Tilkoçer / Girê Kember
Amuda	Amûd / Amûde
Darbasiyah	Dirbêsiye
Duguer	Dugir
Jaghjagh [river]	Cexcex
Khabur [river]	Xabûr
Kurd Dagh	Kurdax / çiyayê Kurdan / çiyayê Kurdaxê / çiyayê Kurmênc
Maachuq	Mas¸oq
Qubur al-Bid	Tirba Spî / Tirbaspî
Ras al-Ain	Serê Kaniyê / Serêkaniyê
Rumailan	Rimêlan
Sweidyeh	Siwêdiye

Siria: Kurdistanetik kanpo / Out of Kurdistan

al-Hasakah	Hesîçe, Hesêçe
al-Khatuniyah	Xatûniye
Dair az-Zaur	Dêrezor
Dimashq [Damascus]	S¸am
Halab [Aleppo]	Heleb

 

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Kurduak Turkian Turkiako nazio zapaldua da Kurdistan, estatuaren hego-mendebaldean. Turkiako beste hiri nagusietan ere kurdu asko dago. Guztira, 13.7 m kurdu, estatuko biztanleen %24.1%, kurdu guztien %52. Hizkuntzak: Ipar Kurmanji eta Dimili; erbesteko Turkiako kurduak material idatzi asko ari dira editatzen Europan idazker latinozko Kurmanji mintzairan. Gerra eta zapalkuntza latza den arren, Kurduak hazten ari dira, eta beren joera demografikoak Turkiako lehen talde etniko bihurtzera eraman ditzake.

Kurdish in Turkey The great minority group of Turkey: Kurdistan comprises southeast Turkey, and Kurds also live in cities all over the State. 13.7 million Kurds, 24.1% of the total population of this State, 52% of all Kurds of Kurdistan. North Kurmanji and Dimili are the most used languages. Literature and publishing in Latin script Kurmanji is being encouraged by the exiles in Europe. Despite war and repression, Kurds are a rapid growing group, their demographic trend may transform them in the main ethnic group of Turkey.

Kurdistan Turkian

* Turkieraz	* Kurdueraz
Adakli+	Azarpêrt
Adi+yaman	Semsûr / Pirrûn / S¸ems¸ûr / Qela Mensûr
Adilcevaz	Elcewaz
Ag(i+n	Axin
Ag(ri+	Agirî / Qerekose
Ag(ri+dag( [Mount Ararat]	Girîdax / çiyayê Girîdaxê
Alacakaya	Xulaman
Ardahan	Erdehan
Ari+cak	Miyaran
As¸kale	As¸qale
Batman	Batman / Êlih
Baykan	Hewêl
Bingöl	Çewlîg / Çolîg / Bîngol / Çebaxçur
Birecik	Bêrecûg
Bitlis	Bidlîs / Bedlîs
Bozova	Hewenc
Bulani+k	Kop
Çayi+rli+	Mose
Çelikhan	Çêlikan
Çemis¸gezek	Çemis¸gezek
Çermik	Çêrmûg
Ceylanpi+nar	Serê Kaniyê
Çüngüs¸	S¸ankus¸ / S¸onkus¸
Dicle	Pîran
Dicle [river Tigris]	Dîcle
Diyarbaki+r	Diyarbekir / Amed
Eg(il	Gêl
Elâzi+g(	Elezîz / Xarpût / Xarpêt
Ergani	Erxanî
Eruh	Dih
Erzincan	Erzingan, Erzîngan
Erzurum	Erzirom / Erzerom
Fi+rat [river Euphrates]	Firad
Gaziantep	Enteb / Dilûk / Dîlok
Genç	Dara Hênî / Darahênî / Darê Yenî
Gerger	Aldûs¸
Gölbas¸i+	Serê Golan
Hakkari	Çolemêrg / Çulemêrg / Hekarî
Halfeti	Xelfetî
Hani	Hêni
Hilvan	Curnê Res¸
Hi+ni+s	Xinûs¸ Kela
Horesan	Xoresan
Hozat	Xozat
Kahramanmaras¸ / Maras¸	Meres¸
Kahta	Kolik
Karakoçan	Depe
Karayazi+	Gogsî
Karli+ova	Kanîres¸
Kars	Qers / Serhedan
Kemah	Kemax
Kig(i	Gêxî / Kêxî
Kocaköy	Karaz
Kovanci+lar	Qowanciyan
Kulp	Pasûr
Kurtalan	Misriç
Lice	Licê / Lici / Liji
Maden	Meden
Malatya	Meletî
Malazgirt	Milazgir
Maras¸ / Kahramanmaras¸	Meres¸
Mardin	Mêrdîn
Mazgirt	Mazgêrt
Mus¸	Mûs¸
Mutki	Motkî
Nazimiye	Qisle / Nazimîya
Oltu	Oltî
Ovaci+k	Pulur / Vacixe
Palu	Pali
Pasinler	Hesenqele
Pertek	Pêrtage
Pervari	Berwarî
Pülümür	Pilemuriye / Pilumer
Samsat	Semsat
S¸anli+urfa / Urfa	Riha / Ruha
S¸enkaya	Ortîlî
Siirt	Sêrt
Silvan	Silîvan
S¸i+rnak	S¸ernex
S¸irvan	S¸êrvan
Sivas	Sêwas
Siverek	Sêwregi
Sivrice	Sivrice
Solhan	Bongilan
Suruç	Sirûç
Tatvan	Tûx
Tekman	Tatos
Tunceli	Dersîm / Kalan / Dêrsim
Urfa / S,anli+urfa	Riha / Ruha
Üzümlü	Ciminî
Van	Wan
Varto	Gimgim
Virans¸ehir	Wêrans¸ar
Yayladere	Xorxol
Yedisu	Çêrme
Yüksekova	Gewer

Kurdistandik kanpo / Out of Kurdistan

* Turkieraz	* Kurdueraz
Adana	Edene
Ankara	Enqere
Cihanbeyli	Cîhanbeylî
I·stanbul	Stenbol
I·zmir	Îzmîr
Kayseri	Qeyserî
Sivas	Sêwas

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Kurduak Libanon Kurduen iturrien arabera,90.000 Kurdu zeuden Libanon 1983an, gehienak Beirut, Tarabulus eta Bekaa Haranean. Horietarik, %70ek ez zuen Libanoko herritartasunik nahiz eta belaunaldiak izan han kokatuak direla.

Kurdish in Lebanon According to Kurd sources, there were about 90 000 Kurds in Libanon in 1983, mainly in Beirut, Tarabulus and the Bekaa Valley; 70% of these without Libanese passport although they have lived there for generations.

* Arabieraz	* Ingelesez	* Kurdueraz
* Al-Lubnan	* Lebanon	* Lûbnan
Al-Biqa	Bekaa Valley	Geliyê Biqa
Bayrut	Beirut	Beyrût
Tarabulus	Tripoli	Terabulus

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Eguneratua / Last updated: 1998.10.01

Loturak / Links: http://www.xs4all.nl/~tank/kurdish/htdocs/facts/

Laguntzaileak / Informers: Mikael Frölund (euskaraz idatziozu: ikasten ari da!) Michael L. Chyet

Mapak / Maps Kurdistan: mapa on bat / a detailed map

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